Iron Age in western Iranian Plateau: a Long Debated Question

In the archaeology of Iron Age in western Iran, there have been various research priorities that are often complex. For example, the issue of the arrival of Iranian-speaking people into northwestern Iran from a geographical, chronological and archaeological point of view has not yet been resolved and the results are uncertain. On the other hand, the relevance of this issue to various causes is still relatively low. Interpretation of the written sources, the assignment of archaeological horizons associated with Iron Age to a particular ethnic group of diverse groups based on written sources in the northwest, such as the Medians, Persians, Saka, Manaeans, Urartians, and other tribes. The dilemma is over. Finally, the existence of certain varieties of pottery in northwestern Iran with different colors, shapes and ornaments has not made it possible to gain a clear picture of the complexity of the situation, despite the extensive research that has been done. There are many different ways to do this. In this article, the authors attempt to examine three main issues of Iron Age archaeology in western Iran: the concept of the Iron Age and its history in the ancient Near East in general, and in particular in Iran, a review of evidence of political presence. And an important ethnic group of ethnic groups present in northwestern Iran during Iron Age.