The essay, which makes use of unpublished primary sources, aims to analyze the evolution of the “Gibraltar crisis” from the Declaration of Spanish Foreign Minister Castiella to the referendum. The disputed status of the Rock of Gibraltar developed inside the Mediterranean geopolitical structure, which by that time was postcolonial, but marked by the conflicting dynamics of the Cold War, going beyond the mere bilateral confrontation between Francoist Spain and the United Kingdom, fully involving the NATO countries in the issue due to the Palomares incident, and subsequent logistical restrictions applied by Madrid. Therefore, this contribution analyzes not only the contention between London and Madrid concerning the Rock but also,beginning with the documentation that we have used, the degree of involvement and the concerns of other countries in the dispute, in particular those of the U.S. administration. The research also focuses its attention on the specious use of transit and logistical restrictions imposed by Franco’s Spain against Gibraltar and NATO countries, in this way using the strategic importance held by Spain in the Western defensive framework as a lever to increase the bargaining power of the Madrid government in obtaining financial and economic benefits. Finally, in the evolution of the dispute over the Rock, an important space has also been occupied by the multifaceted Gibraltarian community which, despite its small size, has gone beyond a merely local dimension to connect with the ongoing debate in which it was a leading actor, finding itself with the referendum and its result, as an active participant in its history.
Il saggio, che si avvale del supporto di fonti primarie inedite, intende analizzare l’evoluzione della “crisi di Gibilterra” dalla dichiarazione del Ministro degli Esteri spagnolo Castiella al referendum. La disputa della rocca, sviluppatasi in una struttura geopolitica mediterranea ormai post-coloniale ma scandita dalle dinamiche conflittuali della Guerra fredda, travalicò il mero confronto bilaterale tra la Spagna franchista e il Regno Unito, per coinvolgere appieno nella questione anche i paesi NATO a causa dell’incidente di Palomares, e delle successive restrizioni logistiche applicate da Madrid. Questo contributo, dunque, intende analizzare non solo la contesa tra Londra e Madrid sulla rocca, ma alla luce della documentazione impiegata anche il grado di coinvolgimento e le preoccupazioni espresse da altri paesi sull’evolversi della disputa, soffermandosi in particolare su quelle dell’amministrazione americana. La ricerca, inoltre, focalizza l’attenzione sull’uso strumentale svolto dalle limitazioni di transito e logistiche applicate dal regime di Franco nei confronti di Gibilterra e dei paesi dell’Alleanza Atlantica, utilizzando in questo modo come strumento di pressione il peso strategico ricoperto dalla Spagna nell’intelaiatura difensiva occidentale, al fine di ampliare la capacità di contrattazione del governo di Madrid per ricavarne dei benefici economici e finanziari. Infine, nell’evoluzione della contesa della rocca, tra i diversi attori che si susseguono nel saggio, uno spazio importante è occupato anche dalla piccola ma plurale comunità gibilterriana, che nonostante il suo numero esiguo, riesce a varcare la sua dimensione locale, connettendosi con il dibattito in corso che la vede protagonista, e ritrovandosi alla fine con la scelta e l’esito referendario attiva partecipe della sua storia.
Un'eredità imperiale nel Mediterraneo della Guerra Fredda. La Crisi di Gibilterra dalla Dichiarazione Castiella al Referendum (1965-1967)
LA NAVE G
2014-01-01
Abstract
The essay, which makes use of unpublished primary sources, aims to analyze the evolution of the “Gibraltar crisis” from the Declaration of Spanish Foreign Minister Castiella to the referendum. The disputed status of the Rock of Gibraltar developed inside the Mediterranean geopolitical structure, which by that time was postcolonial, but marked by the conflicting dynamics of the Cold War, going beyond the mere bilateral confrontation between Francoist Spain and the United Kingdom, fully involving the NATO countries in the issue due to the Palomares incident, and subsequent logistical restrictions applied by Madrid. Therefore, this contribution analyzes not only the contention between London and Madrid concerning the Rock but also,beginning with the documentation that we have used, the degree of involvement and the concerns of other countries in the dispute, in particular those of the U.S. administration. The research also focuses its attention on the specious use of transit and logistical restrictions imposed by Franco’s Spain against Gibraltar and NATO countries, in this way using the strategic importance held by Spain in the Western defensive framework as a lever to increase the bargaining power of the Madrid government in obtaining financial and economic benefits. Finally, in the evolution of the dispute over the Rock, an important space has also been occupied by the multifaceted Gibraltarian community which, despite its small size, has gone beyond a merely local dimension to connect with the ongoing debate in which it was a leading actor, finding itself with the referendum and its result, as an active participant in its history.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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