This thesis aims to explore the relationship between literature and the environment through the application of the primary theoretical paradigms of ecocriticism and ecofeminism to contemporary Spanish narrative. The work intends to investigate how literary production succeeds in giving voice to the ecological crisis, denouncing its causes and offering new perspectives on coexistence among humans, non-humans, and the natural environment. The research is organized into three main sections: a theoretical part dedicated to defining the conceptual framework; a historical-critical in-depth study on the development of ecocriticism and ecofeminism; and, finally, an applicative part in which these theories are put into practice through the analysis of five representative narrative works of the contemporary Hispanic landscape: Parábola del náufrago (1969) by Miguel Delibes, Lágrimas en la lluvia (2011) by Rosa Montero, El calentamiento global (2019) by Daniel Ruiz García, Ahora llega el silencio (2019) by Álvaro Colomer and Oceánica (2022) by Yolanda González. The first part of the work addresses the evolution of ecological awareness in modernity, from the Anthropocene to the contemporary environmental crisis, analyzing the transformation of the human-nature relationship and the consequences of anthropocentrism. In this context, the origins and aims of ecocriticism are examined as a transdisciplinary field capable of fostering dialogue between environmental sciences, philosophy, and literature. The second part focuses on the evolution of ecocritical studies, with particular attention to the emergence of the different "waves" of ecocriticism and their related currents of thought. Among these, ecofeminism plays a central role as a theoretical and political movement that links the subordination of women to the dominance exercised by men over nature, proposing instead a model based on care, relationship, and environmental justice. The ecofeminist perspective, especially in the version proposed by authors such as Alicia Puleo, thus becomes a fundamental tool for interpreting representations of the feminine, the non-human, and ecological bonds within contemporary narrative. The third part constitutes the analytical core of the thesis and proposes an ecocritical and ecofeminist analysis of the five selected novels. In Parábola del náufrago, Delibes develops a profound reflection on technological dehumanization and the loss of contact with nature, anticipating ecological themes that would become central to later debates. Montero’s Lágrimas en la lluvia, set in a dystopian future, portrays a fragmented and alienated humanity where eco-dystopia and posthumanism intertwine with an ecofeminist critique of patriarchy and technocratic rationality. El calentamiento global by Ruiz García, on the other hand, tackles the issue of the Capitalocene and extractivist logics, representing environmental degradation as the result of neoliberal capitalism and institutional corruption. Ahora llega el silencio by Colomer proposes a post-apocalyptic narrative in which the destruction of the world is transformed into an opportunity for ecological rebirth and the re-signification of community values, where the ecofeminist principle of care finds new expression in post-human relationships. Finally, Oceánica by González proposes a planetary vision in which the ocean and its inhabitants become repositories of memory and witnesses to the ecological crisis. The whale Ilargi, beached on the eve of the G7 in Biarritz, embodies the vulnerability of the living and resistance to extractive capitalism, becoming a symbol of interspecies alliance and ecofeminist justice. Through these analyses, the thesis aims to highlight how contemporary Spanish literature functions as a privileged laboratory for the construction of new ecological narratives, capable of questioning the paradigms of progress, modernity, and human centrality. The ultimate goal is to show how the ecocritical and ecofeminist perspective not only allows for a renewed reading of literary texts, but also contributes to the formation of a more sustainable and supportive imaginary, in which the human being recognizes themselves as an integral part of a network of vital relationships that encompasses the planet in its entirety. Throughout the work, the need to systematize the specialized vocabulary used within ecocritical studies and related disciplines was also identified. This necessity led to the Glossary provided in the appendix, which collects and defines the main theoretical and conceptual terms used in the thesis. It represents an initial contribution to the construction of a shared terminology in the field of Hispanic ecocriticism and to the promotion of an intercultural and interdisciplinary dialogue within contemporary literary research.
La presente tesi si propone di esplorare il rapporto tra letteratura e ambiente attraverso l’applicazione dei principali paradigmi teorici dell’ecocritica e dell’ecofemminismo alla narrativa spagnola contemporanea. Il lavoro intende indagare come la produzione letteraria riesca a dar voce alla crisi ecologica, denunciandone le cause e offrendo nuove prospettive di convivenza tra esseri umani, non umani e ambiente naturale. La ricerca si articola in tre sezioni principali: una parte teorica dedicata alla definizione del quadro concettuale di riferimento, una parte di approfondimento storico-critico sullo sviluppo dell’ecocritica e dell’ecofemminismo, e infine una parte applicativa, in cui tali teorie vengono messe in pratica attraverso l’analisi di cinque opere narrative rappresentative del panorama ispanico contemporaneo: Parábola del náufrago (1969) di Miguel Delibes, Lágrimas en la lluvia (2011) di Rosa Montero, El calentamiento global (2019) di Daniel Ruiz García, Ahora llega el silencio (2019) di Álvaro Colomer e Oceánica (2022) di Yolanda González. La prima parte del lavoro affronta l’evoluzione della consapevolezza ecologica nella modernità, dall’Antropocene alla crisi ambientale contemporanea, analizzando la trasformazione del rapporto uomo-natura e le conseguenze dell’antropocentrismo. In questo contesto, vengono esaminate le origini e le finalità dell’ecocritica come disciplina transdisciplinare capace di mettere in dialogo scienze ambientali, filosofia e letteratura. La seconda parte si concentra sull’evoluzione degli studi ecocritici, con particolare attenzione all’emergere delle diverse “ondate” di ecocritica e alle correnti di pensiero ad esse correlate. Tra queste, l’ecofemminismo riveste un ruolo centrale, in quanto movimento teorico e politico che lega la subordinazione della donna al dominio esercitato dall’uomo sulla natura, proponendo invece un modello basato sulla cura, la relazione e la giustizia ambientale. La prospettiva ecofemminista, soprattutto nella sua declinazione proposta da autrici come Alicia Puleo, diventa così uno strumento fondamentale per interpretare le rappresentazioni del femminile, del non-umano e dei legami ecologici all’interno della narrativa contemporanea. La terza parte costituisce il nucleo applicativo della tesi e propone un’analisi ecocritica ed ecofemminista dei cinque romanzi selezionati. In Parábola del náufrago, Delibes elabora una profonda riflessione sulla disumanizzazione tecnologica e sulla perdita del contatto con la natura, anticipando le tematiche ecologiche che diventeranno centrali nel dibattito successivo. Lágrimas en la lluvia di Montero, ambientato in un futuro distopico, mette in scena un’umanità frammentata e alienata, dove l’eco-distopia e il postumanesimo si intrecciano a una critica ecofemminista del patriarcato e della razionalità tecnocratica. El calentamiento global di Ruiz García, invece, affronta la questione del Capitalocene e delle logiche estrattiviste, rappresentando il degrado ambientale come esito del capitalismo neoliberale e della corruzione istituzionale. Ahora llega el silencio di Colomer propone una narrazione post-apocalittica in cui la distruzione del mondo si trasforma in un’occasione di rinascita ecologica e di risemantizzazione dei valori comunitari, dove il principio ecofemminista della cura trova nuova espressione nelle relazioni postumane. Infine, Oceánica di González propone una visione planetaria in cui l’oceano e i suoi abitanti diventano depositari di memoria e testimoni della crisi ecologica. La balena Ilargi, spiaggiata alla vigilia del G7 di Biarritz, incarna la vulnerabilità del vivente e la resistenza al capitalismo estrattivo, trasformandosi in simbolo di alleanza interspecifica e di giustizia ecofemminista. Attraverso queste analisi, la tesi mira a evidenziare come la letteratura spagnola contemporanea si configuri come un laboratorio privilegiato per la costruzione di nuove narrazioni ecologiche, capaci di mettere in discussione i paradigmi del progresso, della modernità e della centralità umana. L’obiettivo finale è mostrare come la prospettiva ecocritica ed ecofemminista non solo consenta una lettura rinnovata dei testi letterari, ma contribuisca anche alla formazione di un immaginario più sostenibile e solidale, in cui l’essere umano riconosce sé stesso come parte integrante di una rete di relazioni vitali che comprende il pianeta nella sua interezza. Nel corso del lavoro si è inoltre avvertita l’esigenza di sistematizzare il lessico specialistico impiegato nell’ambito degli studi ecocritici e delle discipline affini. Da tale necessità è nato il Glossario posto in appendice, che raccoglie e definisce i principali termini teorici e concettuali utilizzati nella tesi. Esso rappresenta un primo contributo alla costruzione di una terminologia condivisa nel campo dell’ecocritica ispanica e alla promozione di un dialogo interculturale e interdisciplinare all’interno della ricerca letteraria contemporanea.
La risposta letteraria alle problematiche ambientali: l’ecocritica nel contesto ispanico contemporaneo
Antonella De Sena
2026-01-01
Abstract
This thesis aims to explore the relationship between literature and the environment through the application of the primary theoretical paradigms of ecocriticism and ecofeminism to contemporary Spanish narrative. The work intends to investigate how literary production succeeds in giving voice to the ecological crisis, denouncing its causes and offering new perspectives on coexistence among humans, non-humans, and the natural environment. The research is organized into three main sections: a theoretical part dedicated to defining the conceptual framework; a historical-critical in-depth study on the development of ecocriticism and ecofeminism; and, finally, an applicative part in which these theories are put into practice through the analysis of five representative narrative works of the contemporary Hispanic landscape: Parábola del náufrago (1969) by Miguel Delibes, Lágrimas en la lluvia (2011) by Rosa Montero, El calentamiento global (2019) by Daniel Ruiz García, Ahora llega el silencio (2019) by Álvaro Colomer and Oceánica (2022) by Yolanda González. The first part of the work addresses the evolution of ecological awareness in modernity, from the Anthropocene to the contemporary environmental crisis, analyzing the transformation of the human-nature relationship and the consequences of anthropocentrism. In this context, the origins and aims of ecocriticism are examined as a transdisciplinary field capable of fostering dialogue between environmental sciences, philosophy, and literature. The second part focuses on the evolution of ecocritical studies, with particular attention to the emergence of the different "waves" of ecocriticism and their related currents of thought. Among these, ecofeminism plays a central role as a theoretical and political movement that links the subordination of women to the dominance exercised by men over nature, proposing instead a model based on care, relationship, and environmental justice. The ecofeminist perspective, especially in the version proposed by authors such as Alicia Puleo, thus becomes a fundamental tool for interpreting representations of the feminine, the non-human, and ecological bonds within contemporary narrative. The third part constitutes the analytical core of the thesis and proposes an ecocritical and ecofeminist analysis of the five selected novels. In Parábola del náufrago, Delibes develops a profound reflection on technological dehumanization and the loss of contact with nature, anticipating ecological themes that would become central to later debates. Montero’s Lágrimas en la lluvia, set in a dystopian future, portrays a fragmented and alienated humanity where eco-dystopia and posthumanism intertwine with an ecofeminist critique of patriarchy and technocratic rationality. El calentamiento global by Ruiz García, on the other hand, tackles the issue of the Capitalocene and extractivist logics, representing environmental degradation as the result of neoliberal capitalism and institutional corruption. Ahora llega el silencio by Colomer proposes a post-apocalyptic narrative in which the destruction of the world is transformed into an opportunity for ecological rebirth and the re-signification of community values, where the ecofeminist principle of care finds new expression in post-human relationships. Finally, Oceánica by González proposes a planetary vision in which the ocean and its inhabitants become repositories of memory and witnesses to the ecological crisis. The whale Ilargi, beached on the eve of the G7 in Biarritz, embodies the vulnerability of the living and resistance to extractive capitalism, becoming a symbol of interspecies alliance and ecofeminist justice. Through these analyses, the thesis aims to highlight how contemporary Spanish literature functions as a privileged laboratory for the construction of new ecological narratives, capable of questioning the paradigms of progress, modernity, and human centrality. The ultimate goal is to show how the ecocritical and ecofeminist perspective not only allows for a renewed reading of literary texts, but also contributes to the formation of a more sustainable and supportive imaginary, in which the human being recognizes themselves as an integral part of a network of vital relationships that encompasses the planet in its entirety. Throughout the work, the need to systematize the specialized vocabulary used within ecocritical studies and related disciplines was also identified. This necessity led to the Glossary provided in the appendix, which collects and defines the main theoretical and conceptual terms used in the thesis. It represents an initial contribution to the construction of a shared terminology in the field of Hispanic ecocriticism and to the promotion of an intercultural and interdisciplinary dialogue within contemporary literary research.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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