Dositej Obradović’s activity opens a new phase in Serbian history of literary language and culture. Taking inspiration from the modern European Enlightenment waves, but without a complete break with the learned Serbian tradition, the writer gives an impulse to the affirmation of a Serbian vulgar and to the development of a debate with His countrymen; for a long period after Him the Language Question will remain as central in Serbian culture. The successive Vuk Karadžić’s codification of the spoken language will impose a solution different from the one warmly supported by Dositej according to the erudite traditions of Serbians and of the European peoples.