The essay examines the role of conciliation (ṣulḥ) in Islamic criminal law, focusing on the distinction between offences against God’s rights and those against individual rights. In cases of homicide and bodily injury, victims or their heirs may waive retaliation, allowing settlements based on forgiveness and compensation. Through an analysis of Pakistan, Brunei, and Iran, the essay shows how contemporary states have subjected these agreements to judicial supervision while retaining an independent power to punish in the public interest. It traces the transformation of ṣulḥ from a communal instrument of peacemaking into a regulated mechanism subordinate to state criminal justice, highlighting the enduring tension between Islamic legal tradition and the modern state.
Il saggio esamina il ruolo della conciliazione (ṣulḥ) nel diritto penale islamico, muovendo dalla distinzione tra reati contro i diritti di Dio e reati contro i diritti individuali. Nei casi di omicidio e lesioni, la vittima o i suoi eredi possono rinunciare al taglione, consentendo soluzioni fondate sul perdono e sulla compensazione. Attraverso l’analisi degli ordinamenti di Pakistan, Brunei e Iran, il contributo mostra come gli Stati contemporanei abbiano sottoposto questi accordi al controllo giudiziario, conservando un autonomo potere punitivo a tutela dell’ordine pubblico. Ne emerge la trasformazione del ṣulḥ da strumento comunitario di pacificazione a meccanismo regolato e subordinato alla giustizia statale, nella persistente tensione tra tradizione islamica e Stato moderno
Crimes against God vs. Crimes against Man. The Place for Conciliation in the Perspective of Islamic Criminal Law
Scolart, Deborah
2026-01-01
Abstract
The essay examines the role of conciliation (ṣulḥ) in Islamic criminal law, focusing on the distinction between offences against God’s rights and those against individual rights. In cases of homicide and bodily injury, victims or their heirs may waive retaliation, allowing settlements based on forgiveness and compensation. Through an analysis of Pakistan, Brunei, and Iran, the essay shows how contemporary states have subjected these agreements to judicial supervision while retaining an independent power to punish in the public interest. It traces the transformation of ṣulḥ from a communal instrument of peacemaking into a regulated mechanism subordinate to state criminal justice, highlighting the enduring tension between Islamic legal tradition and the modern state.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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